This study examines the impact of Balcony Design on energy efficiency and daylight performance in residential buildings located in Tehran's hot and arid climate. Balconies function as semi-open shaded spaces during the warm season and transform into greenhouses with enclosures during the cold season, significantly influencing ventilation efficiency and thermal dynamics. To investigate these seasonal effects, simulations were conducted using Rhino 7 and Grasshopper3D, along with plugins such as Ladybug Tools, which incorporate Radiance for daylight analysis and EnergyPlus for energy modeling. A dataset comprising 1,636 Balcony models with varying dimensions and window-to-wall ratios (WWR) was analyzed. The results indicate that well-Designed balconies, optimized for depth, width, and orientation, can substantially reduce energy consumption while enhancing visual comfort. Optimal Designs vary based on orientation: east-west elongated balconies maximize daylight access, square-shaped balconies improve versatility and energy efficiency, and north-south elongated balconies achieve the lowest energy consumption. Balconies shorter than 3 meters in length, approximately 1.5 meters in width, and with a WWR of around 20% effectively balance energy efficiency and natural lighting. These findings provide practical insights for sustainable Balcony Design, promoting reduced energy consumption and improved occupant comfort.

living in crowded urban areas and minimal houses, and exposure to pressure and environmental stress, threatening the physical and psychological health of citizens in the long run. In this regard, an environment that facilitates the relaxation of the mind from everyday life conditions is a preferred environment. The reason for the preference of such environments is the ability to “ restoration. ” Such as “ Restorative environments” by repairing the resources and depleted capacity of the individual, enables them to meet their needs and demands. The studies of restoration environment are concentrated on the benefits of communication with nature, and during thirty years of its existence, so far in its different socio-cultural platforms, this theory has been frequently used and tasted. According to the position of nature in Iranian culture, attention to this theory is relevant in the socio-cultural context of Iranian, especially in today’ s conditions that tangible communication with nature, especially in metropolitan, has been weakened. Due to the presence of long hours of special classes such as disabled, elderly, children and women in the home, new working conditions such as teleworking and attention to the home as a place to escape from work outdoors, it is necessary to contemplate the possibility of clearing of mind and relaxation in the home context. Since this approach, like other approaches to environmental psychology, is valuable when it leads to the improvement of users’ health by leading experts to planning and Design, it is necessary to identify the types of restoration environments and their characteristics. The present study attempts to explore the physical and social components of the restoration in the context of daily life to recreate the restoration environment. in this regard, two questions arise: “ How individuals seek refuge after dealing with the pressures and limitations of everyday life? ” and “ What is the specification of a restoration environment? ” . In this study, a semi-structured interview with 100 inhabitants of two residential complexes in Tehran, in the framework of theoretical studies, is taken to test the restoration theory in the socio-cultural context of Iran and to extract the vocabulary and phrases refer to restoration and to clarify this concept. The present study shows that it can be found restoration in residential environments on a different scale ranging from micro to macro. Despite all the benefits that are associated with the surrounding nature such as communal spaces between structural blocks and neighborhood park, the limitation of such collective spaces in many minimal residential complexes and also the necessity of frequent experience of nature and the importance of ease of access to it, the “ Balcony” in the housing arena as a semi-open space in and outside, in case of having some spatial qualities and the possibility of carrying out different activities in it, can be very restorative. The results of this research, while introducing the architects and the Designers of the environment with the topic of restoration, make them sensitive to the experience of nature by assigning appropriate levels to the Balcony in residential buildings.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the most successful techniques of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and is mostly in use for the treatment of infertility with male factors. In this method, before injecting sperm into the intracytoplasmic of the oocyte, cumulus cells around the oocyte must be stripped to facilitate the injection process. To achieve this, both enzymatic and mechanical methods are used in embryological laboratories for denudation, which has major deficiencies, including the possibility of damaging the oocyte prior to the injection process. In this research, a microfluidic-based device is introduced for the separation of cumulus cells around the oocyte with minimum manual operations. The results prove high efficiency, and non-destructive denudation of the oocyte with the reduced amount of culture medium leads to the low-cost preparation process of oocytes. The process can also be integrated with ICSI chips under development and will be reported shortly.

Today, traffic-related pollution in cities has become a fundamental problem, especially in large urban areas. Balcony characteristics, including shape, depth, length, height of the parapet, Balcony position, and so on, have different effects on ventilation quality and the concentration of pollutants entering the building. This study evaluates the role of two variables, Balcony depth and its placement, on indoor air quality. For this purpose, 12 buildings with different Balcony depths and placements near a metropolitan highway were chosen as case studies and simulated using CFD. The Balcony placement in the case studies includes three Balcony patterns: facing the prevailing wind, facing away from the prevailing wind, and on both faces, in each pattern, four depths from 0. 5 meters to 2 meters were considered for the balconies. This study employs three-dimensional steady RANS equations combined with the k-ω turbulence model to solve the equations. The results show that balconies generally reduce both wind speed and the ingress of pollutants into the indoor space compared with buildings without balconies, however, increasing Balcony depth on the windward side decreases the incoming wind speed but increases the concentration of pollutants entering the building. Therefore, changes in Balcony depth within this range have little effect on airflow speed or pollutant concentration entering the building, ultimately, employing balconies on both the windward and leeward sides markedly reduce wind speed and pollutant concentrations entering the building, and increasing Balcony depth on this side decreases the incoming wind speed while increasing the pollutant concentration entering the building.

The present study tries to investigate "femininity" and its relation to "death" in The Balcony by Jean Genet, with the help of Julia Kristeva and Maurice Blanchot’s views. These two concepts have always been abjected as "other" in the history of Western phallogocentrique thought. According to Hélène Cixous, the root cause of this abjection of women resides in language, the one which is based on binary oppositions. According to the researcher, the reason of death abjection should also be sought in language; Blanchot mentions this gap in his article "La Littérature et le Droit à la Mort" and considers the task of literature to give the reader the experience of death, and thus to fill this gap. In the play Balcon, Jean Genet, by crossing the boundaries of symbolic order, deconstructing the binary-based language, and relying on the semiotic mode of signification rather than symbolic mode, creates a new language that can be called "feminine" by Cixous and Kristeva’s criteria. With the help of the motherly features of its language and narrative, this work has been able to instill the experience of death as one of its main elements, and has fulfilled the task of literature, according to Blanchot, in granting the experience of death to the reader.

One of the issues of reliable performance in the power grid is the existence of electromechanical oscillations between interconnected generators. The number of generators participating in each electromechanical oscillation mode and the frequency oscillation depends on the structure and function of the power grid. In this paper, to improve the transient nature of the network and damping electromechanical fluctuations, a decentralized robust adaptive control method based on dynamic programming has been used to Design a stabilizing power system and a complementary static var compensator (SVC) controller. By applying a single line to ground fault in the network, the robustness of the Designed control systems is demonstrated. Also, the simulation results of the method used in this paper are compared with controllers whose parameters are adjusted using the PSO algorithm. The simulation results show the superiority of the decentralized robust adaptive control method based on dynamic programming for the stabilizing Design of the power system and the complementary SVC controller. The performance of the control method is tested using the IEEE 16-machine, 68-bus, 5-area is verified with time domain simulation.

Background and Objective: According to the equality Terms and conditions of twenty-two national building regulations topics in all cities of Iran and being forced to run them around the country, Balcony Design course is the same in terms of size and its only appearance is different. However, each climate has its own requirements for the Design. The aim of this article is study about Balcony climate features in residential buildings in Tabriz, according to the national building regulations.Method: This article is based on analytical-descriptive research collecting information based on documents and comparative. At first, by using the canopy depth formula, canopy depth and penetration of sunlight into the buildings in Tabriz are calculated and once again, this process is repeated according to the national building regulations, and finally the results are checked through the two methods.Findings: In the condition of N=0, the difference in penetration of sun in the south side of building, between regulations and optimum condition is 71 cm, and in the condition of N=15, is 59 cm.Discussion and Conclusion: the results show that, Balcony with only climate feature and using as a canopy, with depth of 1.2m is more than enough and it is absorbing the sunshine to enter into the building.

Non-cooperative intelligent control agents (ICAs) with dedicated cost functions, can lead the system to poor performance and in some cases, closed-loop instability. A robust solution to this challenge is to place the ICAs at the feedback Nash equilibrium point (FNEP) of the differential game between them. This paper introduces the Designation of a robust decentralized infinite horizon LQR control system based on the FNEP for a linear time-invariant system. For this purpose, two control strategies are defined. The first one is a centralized infinite horizon LQR (CIHLQR) problem (i.e. a supervisory problem), and the second one is a decentralized control problem (i.e. an infinite horizon linear-quadratic differential game). Then, while examining the optimal solution of each of the above strategies on the performance of the other, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the equivalence of the two problems are presented. In the absence of the conditions, by using the least-squares error criterion, an approximated CIHLQR controller is presented. It is shown that the theorems could be extended from a two-agent control system to a multi-agent system. Finally, the results are evaluated using the simulation results of a Two-Area non-reheat power system.

It is more important to improve and complete the wastewater process in order to reuse and return it to the production line. In this study, the hydrogen peroxide/ozone process (Peroxone) was investigated as a supplementary step in paper mill wastewater treatment to reduce the amount of chemical oxygen demand and remove E. coli. In this regard, using the Box-Behnken Design method based on the response surface method to optimize and investigate the effect of three variables governing the ozonation process, including the amount of hydrogen peroxide consumed (ml), the amount of ozone input (mg/min) and ozonation time (min) were used. The results showed that the amount of ozone and hydrogen peroxide had the greatest effect for reducing COD (up to about 75%). Also, all three variables have played a significant role in increasing the efficiency of the Peroxone process and even completely eliminating E. coli. In determining the optimal conditions, the amount of ozone (146 mg/min), the amount of hydrogen peroxide (2ml) and the duration of ozonation (23 min), the lowest amount of residual COD (73 mg/L) and the highest efficiency (75% removal of E. coli) are predicted. The results showed that due to the interaction of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, the peroxone process performance was less efficient than the ozonation process alone.

Heart disease-cardiovascular, cancer and obesity are the main causes of death and there are direct relationship between the consumption of high-fat foods and the incidence of these diseases. Therefore the demand for low-fat food products and probiotics has been dramatically increased. In this study, the effect of different levels of three hydrocolloids (inulin, chitosan and xanthan) at three levels (1, 2 and 3%) on survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus, physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt during 15 days of storage was explored using a combined Design. Increased levels of inulin and chitosan positively affected La-5 count, apparent viscosity, acidity and sensory scores during storage. Using graphical method of optimizing (overlaid contour plots), optimum ratios were: inulin 93.4%, xanthan 0.6% and chitosan 6%.